Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible. The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis. COPD is not simply a "smoker's cough" but an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease.
A COPD diagnosis is confirmed by a simple test called spirometry, which measures how deeply a person can breathe and how fast air can move into and out of the lungs. Such a diagnosis should be considered in any patient who has symptoms of cough, sputum production, or dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing), and/or a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease. Where spirometry is unavailable, the diagnosis of COPD should be made using all available tools. Clinical symptoms and signs, such as abnormal shortness of breath and increased forced expiratory time, can be used to help with the diagnosis. A low peak flow is consistent with COPD, but may not be specific to COPD because it can be caused by other lung diseases and by poor performance during testing. Chronic cough and sputum production often precede the development of airflow limitation by many years, although not all individuals with cough and sputum production go on to develop COPD.
prevalence of COPD of men in malaysia is 4.72 by ministry of health malaysia
COPD is estimated to be 6.2 percent in 11 Asian countries surveyed by the Asian Pacific Society of Respiratory Diseases
The WHO estimates that in 2000, 2.74 million people died of COPD worldwide
The prevalence of stage II or higher COPD was 10·1% (SE 4·8) overall, 11·8% (7·9) for men, and 8·5% (5·8) for women
The WHO estimates that passive smoking is associated with a 10 to 43 percent increase in risk of COPD in adults.
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