COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (FBC)
PURPOSE
- Performed under many different conditions and to assess many different symptoms or diseases
- The test can reveal problems with RBC production and destruction, or help diagnose infection, allergies, and problems with blood clotting.
- MCV, MCH, and MCHC values reflect the size and hemoglobin concentration of individual cells, and are useful in diagnosing different types of anemia.
HOW IS IT PERFORMED?
· Blood drawn from a vein (on inside of the elbow or the back of the hand) and site is cleaned with antiseptic.
· Elastic band wrapped around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
· Needle inserted into vein and blood is collected into airtight vial or tube.
COMPONENTS
· White blood cell count (WBC or leukocyte count)
o Number of white blood cells in a volume of blood
· White blood cell (WBC) differential count
o Granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
o Differentiated by shape and size
o Automated or manual WBC differential
· Red cell count (RBC or Erythrocyte Count)
o Number of red blood cells in a volume of blood
· Hemoglobin (Hb)
o Amount of hemoglobin in a volume of blood.
· Hematocrit (Hct).
o Ratio of the volume of red cells to the volume of whole blood.
o Measured by centrifugation
· Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
o Average volume of a red blood cell.
· Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
o Average amount of hemoglobin in the average red cell.
o Calculated value derived from the measurement of Hb and RBC count.
· Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
o Average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red cells.
· Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
o Measurement of the variability of red cell size and shape.
o Higher numbers indicate greater variation in size.
o Normal range is 11 to 15.
· Platelet count.
o The number of platelets in a specified volume of blood.
o Normal range: 150,000 to 400,000/ cmm (150 to 400 x 109/liter).
· Mean Platelet Volume (MPV).
o The average size of platelets in a volume of blood
o 7.5-11.5
NORMAL VALUES
- RBC count (varies with altitude):
- Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells/mcL
- Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL
- WBC count: 4,500 to 10,000 cells/mcL
- Hematocrit (varies with altitude):
- Male: 40.7 to 50.3 %
- Female: 36.1 to 44.3 %
- Hemoglobin (varies with altitude):
- Male: 13.8 to 17.2 gm/dL
- Female: 12.1 to 15.1 gm/dL
- MCV: 80 to 95 femtoliter
- MCH: 27 to 31 pg/cell
- MCHC: 32 to 36 gm/dL
(cells/mcL = cells per microliter; gm/dL = grams per deciliter; pg/cell = picograms per cell)
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