Veganism

What is a vegan?
Veganism is a philosophy and lifestyle whose adherents seek to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose.
Vegans endeavor not to use or consume animal products of any kind
A vegan does not eat any fish, meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products or foods that contain any of these products.
They also do not use any non-food items that contain products from animals, including wool from sheep, leather and silk.
Vegans often do not eat honey, because bees may be killed while harvesting it.
According to many vegans, it is pronounced VEE-gun. A vegan diet consists of vegetables, grains, beans, nuts, fruits and seeds. This diet tends to be high in fiber and moderate in protein and fat.
A vegan will not use margarine that has casein, a milk product, in it.
They also do not use products that are tested on animals, as are many cosmetics.
 Properly planned vegan diets are healthful and have been found to satisfy nutritional needs, and may offer protection against heart disease, cancer, and other diseases. Poorly planned vegan diets can be low in levels of calcium, iodine, vitamin B12, iron and vitamin D.
 Various polls have reported vegans to be between 0.2%[4] and 1.3%[9] of the U.S. population,
 People who avoid meat are reported to have lower body mass index than those following the average Canadian diet; from this follows lower death rates from ischemic heart disease; lower blood cholesterol levels; lower blood pressure; and lower rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and prostate and colon cancer.[6]


• Lacking those essential nutrients can cause several different complications
 Anaemia
 Rickets
 Cretinism
 Osteomalacia
 hypothyroidism





DEFICIENCY IN B12
 It is a bacterial product that cannot be easily found in plant food.
 Lacking this can cause anemia and neurodegenerative disease
 The Vegan Society and Vegan Outreach, among others, recommend that vegans either consistently eat foods fortified with B12 or take a B12 supplement to prevent deficiency.
IRON DEFICIENCY
 Lead to iron deficiency anaemia
 Those are especially in risk are
 Menstruating
 Breastfeeding
 Pregnant woman
 Iron is less absorbed in a vegetarian diet
 Only 10 % compared to omnivorous diet of 18 %.
 Vegans take Molasses as iron supplement

CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D
 It is recommended that vegans eat three servings per day of a high calcium food, such as fortified soy milk, almonds, hazelnuts, and take a calcium supplement as necessary
 The EPIC-Oxford study showed that vegans have an increased risk of bone fractures over both meat eaters and vegetarians, likely due to lower dietary calcium intake, but that vegans consuming more than the UK's estimated average requirements for calcium of 525 mg/day had risk of bone fractures similar to other groups.

The American Dietetic Association considers well-planned vegan diets "appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy and lactation,"[6] but recommends that vegan mothers supplement for iron, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.